Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinica

Objective To observe the change of quantitative distribution,apoptosis and proliferation of T and B cells in the skin of KM mutant mice. Methods We chose 1-,3-,6-,9-,22-day,3-,6-month-old KM mutant and wild-type mice to detect the changes of T and B lymphocytes using blood routine tests and immunohistochemical staining. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining and proliferation by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining. Results T cells on KM mutant mice skin were mainly seen in epidermis and dermis. They increased on the first day to 6^th day after birth and decreased on the 9^th and 22^nd day,but after 3-month-old,their number began to increase;at the time of 6 months,the number of B cells also increased. The apoptosis of the skin hair follicle and sebaceous gland cells were more obvious in KM mutant mice than in wild-type mice,with the maximal apoptosis occurred at the age of 22-day-old in both groups. The proliferation of epidermal basal cells in KM mutant mice between 1 to 9-day-old was not significantly different from that in the wild-type mice,but decreasing on the 22^nd day and 3^rd month and increasing in the 6^th month. The proliferation in hair follicle and sebaceous glands decreased on 9^th day,increased on 22^nd day,and deceased on the 3^rd month again. Conclusions The quantitative distribution,apoptosis,and proliferation of T and B lymphocytes abnormally change in the skin tissue of KM spontaneous mutant mice. They may lead to immune and hair growth disorders and promote the inflammatory responses.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of S-isopentenyl-L-cysteine,a new cysteine derivative,on DNA damage induced by radiation by using acute radiation injury animal models. Methods Forty ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups:the control group,1.0Gy gamma irradiation group,1.0Gy gamma irradiation combined with S-isopentenyl-L-cysteine group,7.2Gy gamma irradiation group,and 7.2Gy gamma irradiation combined with S-isopentenyl-L-cysteine group,with 8 mice in each group.The comet assay and bone marrow polychromatic micronucleus experiments were performed to evaluate the double-strand DNA breaks in ICR mice exposed to 1.0 and 7.2Gy gamma-ray,respectively. Results The tail DNA percentage,tail length,tail moment,and olive tail moment of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 7.2Gy gamma irradiation group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01).And it was also observed that above experimental indexes of 7.2Gy gamma irradiation combined with S-isopentenyl-L-cysteine group was significantly less than that of 7.2Gy gamma irradiation group (P<0.05). In addition,the micronucleus rate of 1.0Gy gamma irradiation group and 7.2Gy gamma irradiation group were both significantly higher than in the control group(P<0.01). In addition,in mice given S-isopentenyl-L-cysteine before irradiation,the micronucleus rate of ICR mice exposed to 1.0 and 7.2Gy gamma-ray decreased from (39.5000±3.3141)‰ to (28.1667±4.1345)‰ (P=0.033) and from (76.5000±4.6242)‰ to (22.8333±3.6553)‰(P=0.000),respectively. The bone marrow polychromatic micronucleus experiment indicated that the value of polychromatic erythrocyte(PCE)/normochromatic erythrocyte(NCE) of ICR mice exposed to 1.0 and 7.2Gy gamma-ray was less than the control group(P<0.05). Meanwhile,after irradiating by certain dose,the value of PCE/NCE in mice given S-isopentenyl-L-cysteine before irradiation was significantly higher than the corresponding groups (P<0.05).Conclusion S-isopentenyl-L-cysteine has a good protective effect against DNA damage induced by radiation.

Objective To determine the regulatory role and mechanism of nitric oxide (NO) in the development and hatching of mouse blastocysts. Methods The Kunming female mice were superovulated and then mated with mature male mice. On the day 2.5 of their pregnancy,morulae were flushed from their uterine horns with culture media. Morulae were cultured in different concentrations of N-nitro-L arginine methyl ester (L-NAME),sodium nitroprusside (SNP),or the combination of L-NAME and SNP in culture media for 48 hours. The development and hatching of blastocysts were examined on day 4 and day 5 and the total numbers of blastocyst cells and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (caspase 3) were observed under confocal laser scanning microscope. Results With the increase of the concentration of L-NAME or SNP,the hatching rate of blastocysts and the total number of blastocyst cells were significantly reduced. The addition of 10 nmol/L SNP in culture media with 5 mmol/L L-NAME significantly increased the development of blastocysts and promoted hatching of blastocysts. However,with increase of SNP concentration in culture media with 5 mmol/L L-NAME,the development and hatching rates of blastocysts were significantly decreased. L-NAME had no obvious effect on the expression of active caspase 3 in blastocyst cells. However,when being above 500 nmol/L,SNP significantly increased the expression of caspase 3 in blastocyst cells. Conclusions NO plays an important role in development and hatching of mouse blastocysts. Excessively high or low NO can damage the division of blastomeres,resulting in the failure of the blastocyst development and hatching. Also,excessively high NO can lead to the apoptosis of the blastocyst cells.

Objective To investigate whether sodium valproate(VPA)directly regulates the activity of Ankyrin G(AnkG)promoter in vitro. Methods The mouse AnkG promoter sequence was identified by comparing both human and mouse AnkG promoter sequences. The promoter was amplified from C57BL/6 mouse genome DNA and cloned into pGL3 Luciferase reporter vector. The Luciferase activity was detected in N2a and 293T cells and then treated with 0,0.5,and 1 mmol/L VPA for 12 h. The transcription activity of AnkG promoter in cells and the activity of VPA-treated Luciferase reporter vector in cells were detected using dual Luciferase reporter assay.Results The AnkG promoter clone and its expression vector were successfully established,as confirmed by enzyme digestion and sequencing. The AnkG promoter showed high transcription activity in both N2a and 293T cells. The Luciferase activity was significantly induced following 0.5 mmol/L VPA treatment in both N2a and 293T cells. Conclusions VPA can up-regulate the AnkG expression via directly increasing its transcription activity. Thus,the in vivo AnkG expression may be directly regulated by the VPA at transcriptional level.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of miR-29b on gastric cells’ resistance to cisplatin. Methods The expression of miR-29b in gastric cancer cell line treated with cisplatin concentration gradient was detected using quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and Western blotting. CCK8 was used to measure the cell viability after cisplatin treatment in condition of miR-29b knock-down and overexpression. Results The expression of miR-29b was significantly upregualted by cisplatin treatment,while its target gene AKT2 was downregulated. The up-regulation of miR-29b enhanced the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to cisplatin,while the knock-down of miR-29b enhanced the cisplatin resistance. Rescue experiments demonstrated that the miR-29b might regulate cisplatin resistance of gastric cancer cell by targeting PI3K/Akt pathway. The expressions of the other two members of miR-29 family,miR-29a/c,were promoted by cisplatin treatment,but they had no significant effect on gastric cancer cell’s resistance to cisplatin. Conclusion miR-29b can enhance the sensitivity of S gastric cancer cell by directly targeting PI3K/Akt pathway.

Objective To observe the effects of coroanry artery ectasia(CAE)patients’ pooled serum on the main proteinases and extracellular matrix(ECM)synthesis and explore whether the growth differentiation factor 15(GDF 15)can regulate the characteristic changes induced by CAE patients’ pooled serum. Methods Serum samples were collected from 32 CAE patients,30 patients with coronary heart disease(CHD),and 31 subjects with normal coronary arteries(CON)and then mixed in the same volumes by groups. Then human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells were cultured with the media containing 25% pooled serum. After having been disposed,proteinase system and ECM synthesis system were detected in the cell and culture media samples. GDF15 or GDF15 antibodies was added into the 25% pooled serum in each group to observe if GDF 15 could impact the characteristic changes induced by CAE patients’ pooled serum. Results The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)1 mRNA in CAE group was significantly higher than CON group(P=0.002)and CHD group(P=0.000),the secretory MMP1 protein and total MMPs activity in culture media were also upregulated in CAE group(both P<0.01). After adding GDF 15 into the culture media(GDF15+CAE group),the MMP1 mRNA,secretory MMP1 protein,and total MMPs activity were significantly lower than CAE group(all P<0.01),while in the GDF15 antibody+CAE group, the MMP1 mRNA and total MMPs activities were significantly higher than in GDF15+CAE group(both P<0.01),but the secretory MMP1 protein was not different from GDF 15+CAE group(P>0.05). Conclusion The vascular smooth muscle cells may participate in the CAE process mainly by regulating MMPs system but not the elastase 2 or ECM synthesis system,and GDF15 may be an compensatory factor to prohibit the over-destruction of coronary ECM induced by MMPs.

Objective To analyze the composition and control status of chronic diseases among rural residents in a Beijing suburb district. Methods Rural residents aged 35 years or older were investigated by stratified random sampling in Pinggu District,Beijing. Each participant received questionnaire-based survey,physical examination,and laboratory tests including routine blood test,urine albumin creatinine ratio (ACR),liver and renal function,serum lipid,fasting blood glucose,and glycosylated hemoglobin. Results A total of 10 385 residents completed all items. Cerebrovascular disease was leading cause of hospitalization (accounting for 14.4%) and its incidence in the population was 9.6%. The incidences of hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus,and gout/hyperuricemia,which were the main compositions related with metabolic diseases,were up to 64.4%,42.5%,24.4%,and 9.0%,respectively. The disease onset was significantly related with the age. The incidence of hypertension was gradually elevated with the increasing of age,while the peak age was 55-64 years for diabetes and 35-44 years for gout/hyperuricemia. The awareness rate of hypertension,diabetes,and chronic kidney disease was 60.2%,55.1%,and 6.0%,respectively. The control rate of chronic disease was 19.2% and 28.8% in hypertensive and diabetic patients,respectively. Conclusions Cerebrovascular diseases and metabolic-associated diseases are the main chronic diseases affecting rural residents in Pinggu district,Beijing. The awareness rate and control rate of chronic diseases needs to be further enhanced by strengthening health education and improving the community medical service.

Objective To investigate the natural outcome of genital tract high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and associated factors among women in Xi’an region. Methods Totally 760 women with primary genital tract HR-HPV infection were enrolled and followed up by HPV-DNA genotyping technology. The cervical cytological techniques and/or colposcopy were used when necessary. Results Among these subjects,the natural clearance rate of HR-HPV infection was 71.58%,with the median time of 8.10 months. The rate of HPV persistent infection was 22.63%,with the median time of 17.23 months. The rate of progression to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)/cervical cancer (CC) was 5.79%,with the median time of 29.34 months. The natural clearance rate (P=0.000),persistent infection rate (P=0.000) and progression rate (P=0.040) in women older than 50 years were statistically difference from other age groups. The persistent infection rate in multiple infections group was significantly lower than that in single infection group (P=0.010),with the median time statistically longer than that in single infection group (P=0.018). The most easily progressive genotypes were HPV-16,HPV-33,HPV-58,HPV-18,HPV-52,and HPV-68,among which HPV-16 was the most common genotype in CIN Ⅲ/CC cases,accounting for 85.00%. Conclusions Most of HR-HPV infections are naturally cleared within 2 years,and only a few cases progresses to CIN/CC. Women older than 50 years have a lower natural clearance rate and higher persistent and progressive rates. Multiple infections can affect the persistent infection. HPV-16 is the most common carcinogenic genotype in Xi’an region.

Objective To identify the incidence and risk factors of perioperative major adverse cardiac events(MACE)in elderly patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Methods We prospectively analyzed the clinical data of 360 CHD patients who aged 75 years or older undergoing elective intermediate-to high-risk surgery in five medical centers across China from January 2008 to January 2010. The clinical variables included the 12-lead ECG and Troponin I levels after surgery. The combined outcome was defined as all the perioperative MACE in hospital. The risk factors of MACE and their indexes were analyzed with univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression in SPSS software,together with a risk scoring and stratification system established. Results Perioperative MACE occurred in 11.94% of elderly CHD patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Seven independent risk factors of perioperative MACE for this population were identified,which included angina within 6 months(P=0.001),hypertension(P=0.014),preoperative haematocrit(HCT)<40%(P=0.050),serum creatinine(Scr)>150 mmol/L(P=0.014),ejection fraction(EF)<50%(P=0.019),intraoperative hyoxemia(P=0.019),and operative time>150 min(P=0.001). The risk indexes of these factors were 4,3,3,6,4,5,and 4,respectively. The rate of periopera- tive MACE increased significantly as the level of risk stratification elevated. Conclusions Elderly CHD patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery are at high risk of perioperative MACE. Angina within 6 months,hypertension,preoperative HCT<40%,Scr>150 mmol/L,EF<50%,intraoperative hyoxemia,and operative time>150 min can increase the risk of MACE. The risk scoring and stratification system based on the risk factor index can be a valuable parameter for assessing the perioperative cardiac risk of noncardiac surgery for elderly CHD patients.

Objective To summarize the prognostic factors of stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer. Methods The clinical data of 433 patients with stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer who were admitted to our hospital from January 2005 to December 2008 for radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. Relationship of their clinicopathologic features and treatment with the prognosis were analyzed. Results Of these 433 stage Ⅲ patients,the mean disease-free survival was (72.37±2.11) months and mean overall survival was (79.91±2.02) months;however,the median survival times were not reached. The 1-,3-,and 5-year disease-free survival rate were 86.8%,77.9%,and 57.0% and the overall survival rate were 91.5%,75.1%,and 63.3%. Multivariate COX regression analysis displayed that intestine obstruction before surgery,complications after surgery,tumor location,positive surgical margin,neural cell infiltration,vessel cancer embolus,TNM stage,lymph node ratio,adjuvant chemotherapy regimens,and chemotherapy duration were the independent factors affecting disease-free and overall survivals in patients with stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer. The efficacies of FOLFOX and XELOX regimens were significantly correlated with patient’s age,complications,tumor location,and chemotherapy duration. Conclusions Complications,tumor location,TNM stage,and positive surgical margin are the independent prognostic factors of stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer. FOLFOX and XELOX regimen can remarkably improve prognosis,and a longer duration of chemotherapy can achieve better survival.

Objective To investigate the depression in arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) patients and its risk factors.Methods The self-rating depression scale (SDS) was applied in 228 ASO patients hospitalized in the vascular surgery department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March 2010 to October 2011. The risk factors of depression were analyzed by using univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results Of these 228 ASO patients,133 (58.3%) were found to be depressive. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that female (OR=0.15,95%CI:0.05-0.45),hypertension (OR=4.63,95%CI:1.90-11.29),coronary heart disease (OR=3.62,95%CI:1.43-9.18),as well as Fontaine Ⅱa (OR=20.76,95%CI:3.21-134.28),Ⅱb (OR=26.34,95%CI:4.20-164.97),Ⅲ(OR=192.28,95%CI:25.97-1423.51),and Ⅳ(OR=291.41,95%CI:28.67-2962.21) were the risk factors of depression in ASO patients. Conclusions ASO patients can easily develop depression. Female,hypertension,coronary heart disease,and FontaineⅡa,Ⅱb,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ are the risk factors of depression in ASO patients.

Objective To evaluate the application of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence staining method in the detection of phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) on paraffin section of renal biopsy tissue,and to find an accurate and fast method for the detection of PLA2R in renal tissue. Methods The PLA2R of 193 cases were detected by immunohistochemical staining,and the antigen was repaired by the method of high pressure cooker (HPC) hot repair plus trypsin repair. The 193 samples including 139 cases of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN),15 cases of membranous lupus nephritis,8 cases of hepatitis B virus associated membranous nephropathy,18 cases of IgA nephropathy,and 13 cases of minimal change diseases. To compare the dyeing effects,22 paraffin sections of renal biopsy tissue of IMN cases with positive PLA2R were stained by using 4 different methods of antigen repairing,which included HPC hot repair,HPC hot repair plus trypsin repair,water bath heat repair,and water bath heat repair plus trypsin repair. To compare the dyeing effects,15 paraffin sections of renal biopsy tissue of IMN cases with positive PLA2R were stained by using 3 different methods of antigen repairing,which included water bath heat repair plus trypsin repair,protease K digestion repair,and pepsin digestion repair. Results In 193 cases,the positive rate of PLA2R in IMN cases was 90.6% (126/139),and the other 54 patients without IMN were negative. Twenty-two IMN patients were positive for PLA2R by using the HPC heat repair plus trypsin repaire or the water bath heat repair plus trypsin repair;while only a few cases of 22 IMN cases were positive by using the HPC hot repair alone or water bath heat repair alone. Fifteen IMN patients were positive for PLA2R by using water bath heat repair plus trypsin repair,protease K digestion repair,and pepsin digestion repair,but the distribution of positive deposits and the background were different. Conclusions PLA2R immunohistochemical staining can effectively identify IMN and secondary MN. For immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence staining,the preferred method of antigen repair is water bath heat repair plus trypsin repair.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin label (3D pCASL) non-contrast enhanced perfusion imaging applied to head and neck tumors in high-field MR and detect the effects of different postlabeling delay (PLD) time on image quality and the reliability of repeated measurements of tumor blood flow (BF) in different 3D pCASL groups. Methods In this prospective study,all the 25 patients received neck 3D pCASL non-contrast enhanced perfusion examinations in a 3.0 T MR system by using an 8-channel head and neck joint coil. Conventional T1-weighted(TIWI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) were performed firstly. Finally,three 3D pCASL with different PLD time[ASL1(PLD₁=1525 ms),ASL2(PLD₂=2025 ms),ASL3(PLD₃=2525 ms)]were acquired. Patients’ perfusion-weighted images acquired from different 3D pCASL sequences underwent the analysis of signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast noise ratio (CNR) for tumors. Two observers performed the qualitative assessments on spiral artifacts and vascular artifacts of perfusion-weighted images from different 3D pCASL sequences. Blood flow (BF) of tumors from different 3D pCASL sequences were measured by the two observers respectively for the first time and by observer 2 for the second time. Results Seventeen enrolled patients (age:50.1±12.7 years,M/F=10:7) with histopathologic results underwent the evaluation of image quality and measurements of BF values. The SNRs and CNRs of ASL1,ASL2,and ASL3 showed a descending trendency. SNRs (P=0.011)and CNRs(P=0.009) of ASL1 were significant higher than those of ASL3. There was no significant difference of scores of spiral artifacts among the three ASL groups (P=0.932). The scores of vascular artifacts of ASL1,ASL2,and ASL3 showed a descending trendency,also. And scores of ASL1 was significant higher than that of ASL3(P=0.000). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of intre-and intraobserver were high (ICC>0.9). Although the BF values of ASL1,ASL2,and ASL3 showed an ascending trendency,there was no significant difference among the three groups (P=0.977). Conclusions The 3D pCASL no-contrast enhanced perfusion MR imaging can be used for head and neck tumor. The image quality of perfusion weighted images and reliability of BF measurements were satisfied. The 3D pCASL series with PLD of 1525 ms and 2025 ms have better image quality than PLD of 2525 ms. And BF values do not show significant statistic difference among the three groups. Therefore,3D pCASL series with PLD of 1525 ms and 2025 ms are more suitable for the perfusion imaging of head and neck tumors.

Objective To evaluate the incidences of hyperechoic breast lesions and hyperechoic breast cancers in lesions categorized as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4 and 5 on ultrasound and investigate their sonographic features and the underlying histological causes. Methods The pathologic records for 848 sonographically guided core needle biopsies or surgical resection were retrospectively reviewed from June 2012 to March 2014. Hyperechoic lesions were identified and their sonographic features were evaluated. The incidence of hyperechoic breast lesions and the frequency of hyperechoic cancers among all hyperechoic breast lesions were calculated. Results Of all 848 lesions,0.9% (8/848) were hyperechoic. Twenty-five percent (2/8) of the hyperechoic lesions were malignant and the remaining six were benign. Among the 280 malignant lesions,0.7%(2/280)were hyperechoic. The pathological basis of breast lesions presenting as hyperechoic nodules included inflammatory edema,galactoceles,and grit calcifications. Little difference of sonographic feature was found between benign and malignant hyperechoic lesions in this study. Conclusions Hyperechoic breast lesions are rare conditions but can be associated with a high ratio of breast cancer. History-taking and imaging techniques may help to avoid misdiagnosis.

Objective To investigate the role of high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) in evaluating in the effectiveness of conservative treatment for professional athletes with patellar tendon enthesiopathy. Methods According to different treatment intensities,24 professional athletes with patellar tendon enthesiopathy were randomly divided into painless group,slightly-painful group and extremely-painful group. Then changes of the HFUS findings [including ranges of two-dimensional diseases and blood conditions by Color Doppler Flow Imaging (CDFI)] of patellar tendon before and after the treatment were recorded. The results were also compared with conventional clinical treatment evaluations. Results After two courses of treatment,the percentage of athletes whose pain was resolved or disappeared was 37.5% in painless group,87.5% in slightly-painful group,and 62.5% in extremely-painful group. The pain score was 4.50±2.07,4.88±1.13,and 6.13±1.55 in painless group,slightly-painful group,and extremely-painful group,respectively,before treatment and 4.88±2.17,3.00±1.77,and 5.13±2.36 after treatment. The average pain score remarkably decreased in the slightly-painful group and extremely-painful group,and such difference was statistically significant in the slightly-pain group (P<0.05). The effective rate (defined as thinner patellar,decreased hypoecho area and fewer blood distribution in the lesion) was 38%,50%,and 62% in the painless group,slightly-painful group,and extremely-painful group,and the rates in the slightly-painful group and extremely-painful group were significantly higher than that in painless group (both P<0.05). Conclusions HFUS can display the ultrasonographic changes of patellar tendon enthesiopathy after conservative treatments in an objective and quantitative manner. Compared with conventional clinical evaluations,it can more accurately reflect the disease recovery status.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of ultrasonography in predicting massive haemorrhage during Cesarean scar pregnancy. Methods The clinical and ultrasonograhic data of 119 Cesarean scar pregnancy patients were retrospective analyzed. According to the amount of bleeding,these patients were divided into two groups:massive hemorrhage group and non-massive hemorrhage group. The potential risk factors of massive hemorrhage were analyzed with Logistic regression analysis. Results The size and type of lesions,flow grade,and residual muscular thickness were screened as the risk factors of massive haemorrhage by Logistic regression model. When P=0.3 was applied as the cutoff value,the diagnostic accuracy was 90.75%;meanwhile,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value were 88.23%,91.76%,81.08%,and 95.12%,respectively. Conclusion Ultrasonography can accurately predict the risk of massive hemorrhage during the Cesarean scar pregnancy.

Objective To investigate the change of thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) after the application of selenious yeast tablet (SYT) in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with positive TgAb (>115 U/ml). Methods We enrolled 41 DTC patients with positive TgAb who had undergone total thyroidectomy and subsequent ¹³¹I therapy as well as applied SYT in group 1 (G1). Patients with an interval of more than 6 months between SYT use and ¹³¹I therapy or with repeated TgAb measurements before the use of SYTs were divided into group 2 (G2) and group 3 (G3),respectively. Changes in TgAb after application of SYT in both G1 and G2 were observed and analyzed by rank sum test. Comparison of TgAb gradient over certain time before and after the application was analyzed by t-test. Results The proportions of patients with decreased or elevated TgAb were 85.4% and 14.6% in G1 and 90.9% and 9.1% in G2,respectively. Compared with the previous TgAb levels,TgAb decreased significantly after the application of SYT in either G1 (P=0.000) or G2(P=0.003). In G3,the TgAb level rose by 5.6% every month before applying SYT and fell 8.3% every month after the application (P=0.086). Conclusion Application of SYT in DTC patients with positive TgAb can effectively decrease the TgAb level.

Objective To evaluate the role of low-dose radioiodine in the treatment of non-metastatic high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with macroscopic extra-thyroidal extension (MAEE). Methods Totally 103 DTC patients with total/near-total thyroidectomy and selective lymph node resection,and with MAEE,any N stage,preablative stimulated thyroglobulin (ps-Tg)≤5 ng/ml when thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) ≤46 U/ml and no evidence of distant metastasis were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Fifty-two received low dose RAI (1110 MBq) and 51 received high dose (≥3700 MBq). The successful ablation rate and disease-free survival rate were compared between these two groups. Results The successful ablative rate was 86.5% (45/52) in low-dose group and 86.3% (44/51) in high-dose group (P=0.9688),and the disease-free survival was 97.4% (38/39) in low-dose group and 97.5% (39/40) in high-dose group. Conclusion The ablation success and medium-term clinical outcome with low-dose RAI is proved to be non-inferior to high dose in non-metastatic patients with MAEE when ps-Tg level is less than 5 ng/ml.

Objective To analyze the imaging features of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose(¹⁸F-FDG) positron emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography(CT) in acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related lymphoma(ARL) patients correlated with their clinical signs,symptoms,and treatments.Methods Five ARL patients underwent ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from October 2008 to January 2013. Two patients received two additional follow-up studies 6 months later. Results Among these 5 patients,¹⁸FDG-PET/CT helped in diagnosis of two patient and changed therapeutic strategy in other two patients. In two patients underwent ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT brain scans,low-metabolism lesion was newly found in cerebral cortex. Of 4 patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy,PET/CT also demonstrated diffusely elevated ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in subcutaneous adipose tissue in two patients. Conclusion ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT is a highly useful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of ARL patients,in particular in the identification of associated encephalopathy and lipodystrophy.

Small RNAs,especially microRNAs (miRNAs),widely exist in eukaryotic cells,with their main functions being regulating gene expression and function of target molecules through the degradation of cellular target RNAs by the ribonuclease-based system. Ubiquitins and ubiquitin-like proteins are polypeptides that exist in most eukaryotic cells,and their main function is almost to regulate protein level through the degradation of cellular proteins by ubiquitin proteasome system. Small RNAs,including miRNAs,and ubiquitins or ubiquitin-like proteins have similarities in many aspects although small RNAs and ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins interact different substrates respectively. Therefore,miRNAs can be defined as ubiquitra (ubiquitous ribonucleic acid,ubiquitra or uRNA),and the other small RNAs can be defined as ubiquitra-like RNA or uRNA-like RNA. The concept of ubiquitra may be applied for explaining the biological essence of small RNAs diversity.

Stem cell therapy for acute myocardial infarction is drawing great attention. However,the biological behavior and function mechanism of implanted stem cells remain controversial,as well as their clinical benefits. With the development of imaging probes and devices,molecular imaging enables noninvasive,dynamic tracking of stem cells in vivo. In this review,we summarize the use of various markers,especially the technique of reporter gene labeling,in the field of stem cell therapy,and highlight some recent preclinical and clinical achievements.

Inflammasome is one of the pattern recognition receptors whose activation directly relates to the maturity and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-18. Thus,it plays an important role in the humoral immunity. A growing number of studies have found that inflammasome has a close relationship with the pathogenesis of various diseases including atherosclerosis,diabetes,and gout. However,the activation of the inflammasome and its specific regulatory mechanisms remain not clear. This article reviews the possible regulatory mechanisms of the inflammasome NLRP3 in terms of oxidative stress,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and autophagy reaction.

The circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are derived from primary or metastatic tumor lesions and can be detected in the peripheral blood. With certain specific features,CTCs can,to certain extent,reflect the progression and invasiveness of tumors. Detection of CTCs may provide a powerful and noninvasive approach for diagnosing neoplastic disease,identifying drug sensitivity,and enabling real-time treatment monitoring and prognosis prediction. Improvements in cell isolation and molecular identification will enable a broad range of clinical applications.